Many suspected this before, but there was scarce public discourse about it. Now , a new study confirmed the troubling pattern: US counties located closer to operational nuclear power plants (NPPs) have experienced higher rates of cancer mortality.
The research led by Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health could complicate the argument for scaling up nuclear power.
"Our study suggests that living near a NPP may carry a measurable cancer risk—one that lessens with distance," said senior author Petros Koutrakis, Akira Yamaguchi Professor of Environmental Health and Human Habitation.
Rather than relying on the combustion of fossil fuels, nuclear reactors harness the energy released through nuclear fission to generate heat.
This thermal energy is then used to produce steam, which drives turbines to generate electricity.
For a long time, the conversation surrounding nuclear power and cancer has been fractured, consisting mostly of small, isolated studies. This new analysis changes the scale entirely.
It is said to be the first 21st-century national analysis, covering all US counties and all operational NPPs between 2000 and 2018. This extensive analysis has helped to create a much larger, more detailed map of potential risk.
The national assessment particularly focused on the relationship between cancer mortality and proximity to nuclear power plants.
By using "continuous proximity" modeling to account for the cumulative impact of multiple plants, the team integrated data from the U.S. Energy Information Administration and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).
To ensure the accuracy of their findings, the team applied rigorous statistical adjustments for diverse confounding variables, including median household income, racial composition, educational attainment, lifestyle factors such as smoking and BMI, and access to healthcare facilities.
The data revealed that approximately 115,000 cancer deaths during the study period — roughly 6,400 per year — may be linked to proximity to these facilities.












