A new study led by Bielefeld University in Germany provides a fascinating look at "football fever" through the lens of physiological data.
When Arminia Bielefeld stepped onto the pitch at the Olympiastadion for the 2025 DFB-Pokal final, history was already made. It was their first time reaching the summit of the German Cup football.
The German Football Association’s (DFB-Pokal) 2025 Cup final was against VfB Stuttgart on May 24, 2025, in the Berlin Olympic Stadium (Olympiastadion).
But while the fans in the stands were busy shouting, their hearts were busy screaming.
Surprisingly, fans experienced a 41% increase in mean stress levels compared to non-match days. The average heart rate climbed from 71 beats per minute (BPM) on typical days to 79 BPM on the day of the final.
"The authors suggest that this reaction, known as 'football fever', may be driven by the intensity of fans' emotions towards their team, each other, and the sport," the press release said.
As the world’s most-watched sport, football clearly does more than entertain.
The beautiful game is a literal workout for the cardiovascular system — even if you’re just sitting in Row 10 with a beer. It drives powerful emotional and physical reactions that manifest directly in a fan’s heart rate.
The team conducted a 12-week longitudinal study using smartwatch data from 229 Arminia Bielefeld fans to track physiological changes surrounding the 2025 cup final.
It measured fans’ physical responses by tracking their heart rates and heart-rate variability, using these data points to calculate their overall stress levels. The data was collected ten days before the match and continued for ten weeks after the match.
To better understand these physical responses, they cross-referenced this biometric data with surveys from a 37-person subset (average age 39) to pinpoint how factors such as location and environment influenced fans’ intense physical reactions.
Arminia Bielefeld was reaching the final for the very first time, whereas the experienced VfB Stuttgart was returning for a seventh shot at the title.
The data revealed that heart rates jumped from an average of 71 to 79 beats per minute, peaking at kickoff and remaining elevated despite the 4-2 loss to VfB Stuttgart. And Stuttgart celebrated its fourth-ever Cup title.
Fans experiencing the atmosphere live at the Olympiastadion saw mean heart rates 23 percent higher than those watching via television or at public viewings.
In addition, alcohol consumption acted as a secondary physiological booster, contributing an extra 5 percent increase in heart rate compared to sober participants.
The authors highlight a serious side to the excitement.
"The findings highlight the strong physical reactions of football fans to major matches. The authors note that elevated heart rates in combination with alcohol can increase the risk of adverse cardiac events such as arrhythmias," the press release noted.
"They suggest that future studies should investigate physical responses to intense events in greater detail across different types of high-stress situations," it concluded.












